management-controlling

controlling- monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and correct any significant deviations.

    measuring, checking, comparing, correcting( in case)

5 areas need to control for a manager- people, finance, operation, information, or the performance of the total orgn.

types of control-

1. feedforward C- control that prevents anticipated problems. the most desired
2. concurrent C- control that occurs while an activity is in progress.
3. feedback C - control imposed after an action has occured.

qualities of an effective control system- accuracy, timeliness, economy, flexibility, understandability, reasonable criteria, strategic placement, emphasis on the exception, and multiple criteria.

contingency factors to consider- control recommendations

• size of the orgn-

small-----informal, personal, management by walking around

large-----formal, impersonal, extensive rules and regulations      

• position and level-

high-----many criteria

low-----few. easy-to-measure criteria

• degree of decentralization-

high-----increase number and breadth of controls

low-----reduce number of controls

• orgnal culture-

open&supportive-----informal, self-control

threatening-----formal, externally imposed controls

• importance of activity

high-----elaborate, comprehensive controls

low-----loose, informal controls.