Phonology and Phonetic Transcription

1. What is “phonetic transcription”? What is described? And what is not? (p. 25)

2. What is “phonology”?

3. What is “phoneme”? (p. 26; p. 296)

4. What is “phonemic transcription”? What about English? And what about Swahili?

5. What is “minimal set” or “minimal pair”? (p. 26)

6. Should “church” be transcribed as [c&] or [tS]? “Which” be [w] or [hw]?

7. Why is it more difficult to transcribe vowels than to transcribe consonants? (pp. 29-30)

8. How do American and British people read “here, hair, hire”? Do you distinguish “can do” and “ a can”?

9. [A] and [Ar]

10. [«], [Ô] and ["]

11. Where is [h] located? (p. 37)

12. The consonant chart

13. The vowel chart (which does not show other factors like the lenth of time)

14. Variation of sounds in “tap,” “eighth,” and “catty”; What is alternations? (p. 39)

15. What does [ 5] mean? E.g., [t5]?

16. Ways to reduce the number of vowel symbols

17. “broad transcription” and “narrow transcription”

18. What is “diacritics”?

19. What is assumed in doing the phonetic transcription? (p. 41)

20. What is “systematic phonetic transcription”?

21. ‘binary features” (table 2.3) (p. 43)

22. Figure 2.3 (p. 44)

23. Translate the phonetic symbols into normal English texts. (p. 45)